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{{Infobox disease
| Name = ሕማም ቻጋስ (Chagas)
| Image = Trypanosoma cruzi crithidia.jpeg
| Caption = Photomicrograph of [[Giemsa]]-stained ''Trypanosoma cruzi''
| DiseasesDB = 13415
| ICD10 = {{ICD10|B|57||b|50}}
| ICD9 = {{ICD9|086}}
| ICDO =
| OMIM =
| MedlinePlus = 001372
| eMedicineSubj = med
| eMedicineTopic = 327
| MeshID = D014355
}}
'''ሕማም ቻጋስ (Chagas)''' {{IPAc-en|ˈ|tʃ|ɑː|ɡ|ə|s}} ወይ '''ኣሜሪካን ትራይፓኖሶሚያሲስ'''፡ ብ''[[Trypanosoma cruzi]]'' ዚፍለጥ [[ፕሮቶዝዋ]] ዚመጽእ [[ትሮፒካዊ ሕማም|ትሮፒካዊ]] [[ሕማም ፓራሳይት (ጽግዕተኛ)]] እዩ። <ref name=WHO2013/> መብዛሕቱ ግዜ፡ ብ[[ሰዓምቲ ሓሸራታት]] ዝፍለጡ ሓሸራታት ይመሓላለፍ። <ref name=WHO2013/> ምልክታት፡ ኣብ ግዜ መልከፍቲ ዚቐያየር እዩ። ኣብ ፋልማይ ደረጅኡ፡ ብቐንዱ ምልክታት ኣየርእን እዩ ወይ ድማ ፈኲስ ዚበለ እዩ፣ ከም ረስኒ፡ ሕበጥ [[ሱር ዕያገነዳ (lymph nodes)]]፡ ሕማም ርእሲ ወይ ኣብቲ እተነኽሰሉ ከባቢ ዘጋጥም ሕበጥ ከጠቓልል ይኽእል።<ref name=WHO2013/> ድሕሪ 8–12 ሳምንታት፡ እቶም ዝተለኽፉ ሰባት፡ ናብ ሕዱር ደረጃ’ቲ ሕማም ይኣትዉ፣ ኣብ 60–70% ድማ ተወሳኺ ምልክታት ብፍጹም ኣይርአይን።<ref name=Rassi2010>{{cite journal |author=Rassi A, Rassi A, Marin-Neto JA |title=Chagas disease |journal=Lancet |volume=375 |issue=9723 |pages=1388–402 |date=April 2010 |pmid=20399979 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60061-X}}</ref><ref name=Rassi2012>{{cite journal|last=Rassi A|first=Jr|author2=Rassi, A|author3=Marcondes de Rezende, J|title=American trypanosomiasis (Chagas disease).|journal=Infectious disease clinics of North America|date=June 2012|volume=26|issue=2|pages=275–91|pmid=22632639|doi=10.1016/j.idc.2012.03.002}}</ref> እቶም ዝተረፉ 30 ወይ 40% ዝተለኽፉ ሰባት ድማ ፋልማይ መልከፍቲ ካብ ዘጋጠመሉ ግዜ ካብ 10 ክሳዕ 30 ዓመታት ኣብ ዘሎ ግዜ ተወሳኺ ምልክታት የማዕብሉ። <ref name=Rassi2012/> እዚ ድማ ምውሳኽ ዕብየት [[ቨንትሪክል ልቢ]] ዜጠቓልል ኮይኑ፡ ካብ 20 ክሳዕ 30% ሰባት ድማ [[ድኻም ልቢ]] የጋጥሞም።<ref name=WHO2013/> [[megaesophagus|ምውሳኽ ዕብየት ሻሕለለ]] ወይ [[megacolon|ምውሳኽ ዕብየት ረጒድ መዓንጣ]]፡ ኣብ 10% ሰባት ከጋጥም ይኽእል።<ref name=WHO2013/>
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''T. cruzi'' ፡ መብዛሕቱ ግዜ፡ ካብ ንኡስ ቤተሰብ [[ትርያቶሚናይ (Triatominae)]] ብዝኾኑ [[hematophagy|ደም ዝመጽዉ]] “ሰዓምቲ ሓሸራታት” ይመሓላለፍ።<ref name=CDC>{{cite web|publisher=Centers for Disease Control (CDC) |url= http://www.cdc.gov/dpdx/trypanosomiasisAmerican/ |title=DPDx – Trypanosomiasis, American. Fact Sheet |accessdate=12 May 2010}}</ref> እዚ ሓሸራታት፡ ኣብ ኣርጀንቲና፡ ቦሊቭያ፡ ቺለን ፓራጓይን፡ ''vinchuca''፣ ኣብ ብራዚል፡ ''barbeiro'' ([[barber surgeon|ባርበር]])፣ ኣብ ኮሎምብያ፡ ''pito'' ፣ ኣብ ማእከላይ ኣሜሪካ፡ ''chinche''፣ ከምኡውን ኣብ ቨነዝዌላ፡ ''chipo'' ዜጠቓልል ብሓያሎ ከባብያዊ ኣስማት ይጽውዑ። እዚ ሕማም፡ ብመገዲ [[ምስግጋር ደም]]፡ [[ምስግጋር ኦርጋን (ክፍሊ ኣካላት)]]፡ ብፓራሳይት ዝተመረዘ ምግቢ ብምብላዕ ከምኡውን [[ትዂላዊ ምትሕልላፍ|ካብ ኣደ ናብ ዕሸላ]]ኣቢሉ ኪመሓላለፍ ይኽእል። <ref name=WHO2013/> ነጸርታ’ቲ ኣብ ፋልማይ ደረጃ ዘሎ ሕማም፡ ማይክሮስኮፕ ብምጥቃም ነቲ ፓራሳይት ኣብ ደም እንተሃልዩ ብምርኣይ ይካየድ።<ref name=Rassi2012/> ሕዱር ሕማም ድማ ኣብ ደም ንዝርከብ ''T. cruzi'' ዚቃወም [[ጸረነፍሳት]] ብምርካብ ኪንጸር ይከኣል።<ref name=Rassi2012/>
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ምክልኻል ሕማም፡ ብዓቢኡ ንሰዓምቲ ሓሸራታት ምጥፋእን መንከስቲ ምውጋድን የጠቓልል። <ref name=WHO2013/> እቲ ካልእ ጻዕርታት ምክልኻል ሕማም ድማ ነቲ ዝሰጋገር ደም መርመራ ምግባር ዜጠቓልል እዩ።<ref name=WHO2013/> ክታበት፡ ክሳዕ 2013 ኣይተመስርሐን።<ref name=WHO2013/> ፋልማይ መልከፍትታት፡ ብ[[በንዝኒዳዞል]] ወይ [[ኒፉርቲሞክስ]] እተባህለ መድሃኒት ብምጥቃም ሕክምና ይግበረሉ።<ref name=WHO2013/> እቲ መድሃኒት ኣብ ፋልማይ ደረጅኡ ምስዝውሃብ ድማ እቲ ሕማም ዳርጋ ኲሉ ግዜ ይፍውስ እዩ፣ እንተኾነ ግን እቲ ሕማም ቻጋስ ንነዊሕ ግዜ ምስዝጸንሕ፡ ውጽኢቱ ትሑት ይኸውን። <ref name=WHO2013/> እቲ ሕማም ሕዱር ኣብ ዝኾነሉ ግዜ ምስእትጥቀመሉ፡ ናብ ናይ መወዳእታ ደረጃ ምልክታት ንኸይምዕብል ከደንጒ ወይ ክዕንቅጽ ይኽእል።<ref name=WHO2013/> በንዝኒዳዞለን ኒፉርቲሞክስን፡ ኣብቶም ከባቢ 40% ዝኾኑ ዝተለኽፉ ሰባት፡ <ref name=WHO2013/> ከም ሕማም ቆርበት፡ ምምራዝ ሓንጐልን ቁጥዐ ስርዓተ ምዕቓቕን ዝኣመሰለ ግዝያዊ ጐድናዊ ሳዕቤናታት የስዕብ እዩ።<ref name="Rassi2010"/><ref name=Bern>{{cite journal |author=Bern C, Montgomery SP, Herwaldt BL, et al.|title=Evaluation and treatment of chagas disease in the United States: a systematic review |journal=JAMA |volume=298 |issue=18 |pages=2171–81 |date=November 2007|pmid=18000201 |doi=10.1001/jama.298.18.2171}}</ref><ref name=Rassi2>{{cite journal|author=Rassi A, Dias JC, Marin-Neto JA, Rassi A |title=Challenges and opportunities for primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention of Chagas' disease |journal=Heart |volume=95|issue=7 |pages=524–34 |date=April 2009 |pmid=19131444 |doi=10.1136/hrt.2008.159624|url=http://heart.bmj.com/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=19131444}}</ref>
<!-- Epidemiology -->
መብዛሕቶም ኣብ [[ሜክሲኮ]]፡ [[ማእከላይ ኣሜሪካ]] ከምኡውን [[ደቡብ ኣሜሪካ]] ዝርከቡ ካብ 7 ክሳዕ 8 ሚልዮን ሰባት፡ ሕማም ቻጋስ ከምዘለዎም ይግመት። <ref name=WHO2013>{{cite web|title=Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis) Fact sheet N°340|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs340/en/|work=World Health Organization|accessdate=23 February 2014|date=March 2013}}</ref> ኣብ 2006፡ ኣብ ዓመት ንኸባቢ 12,500 ሞት ምኽንያት ኮይኑ።<ref name=Rassi2010/> እዚ ሕማም ዘለዎም መብዛሕቶም ሰባት፡ ድኻታት እዮም<ref name=Rassi2010/> ከምኡውን እዚ ሕማም’ዚ ዘለዎም ሰባት፡ ብእኡ ከምእተለኽፉ ኣይፈልጡን እዮም።<ref>{{cite book|editor-last=Capinera|editor-first=John L.|title=Encyclopedia of entomology|year=2008|publisher=Springer|location=Dordrecht|isbn=9781402062421|page=824|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=i9ITMiiohVQC&pg=PA824|edition=2nd ed.}}</ref> ኣዝዩ ብዙሕ ምንቅስቓስ ህዝቢ፡ ሕማም ቻጋስ ንዝርከን ከባቢባት ከምዝውስኽ ይገብር ኣሎ፣ ኣብዚ ግዜ’ዚ ድማ ንብዙሓት ሃገራት ኤውሮጳን ሕቡራት መንግስታት ኣሜሪካን የካትት ኣሎ። <ref name=WHO2013/> ክሳዕ 2014 ኣብ ዘሎ ዓመታት ድማ ወሰኽ’ቲ ሕማም ኣብዚ ከባቢታት ተራእዩ። <ref>{{cite journal|last=Bonney|first=KM|title=Chagas disease in the 21st Century: a public health success or an emerging threat?|journal=Parasite |date=2014|volume=21|pages=11|pmid=24626257|doi=10.1051/parasite/2014012|pmc=3952655}} {{open access}}</ref> እዚ ሕማም፡ ፈለማ ኣብ 1909 ብ[[ካርሎስ ቻጋስ]] ዝተረኽበ ኮይኑ፡ ብስሙ ድማ ይጽዋዕ ኣሎ።<ref name=WHO2013/> ንልዕሊ 150 ካልኦት እንሳታት ድማ የጥቅዕ።<ref name=Rassi2010/>
==References==
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